France - Slavery

France, one of the great colonial powers, is the first nation to have recognized slavery as a "crime against humanity."

On May 21st 2001 the French parliament adopts Act 2001-434, known as "Taubira's Law" from the name of the presenter, with which the French Republic recognizes both the transatlantic and Indian Ocean Negro slave trade, on the one hand, and slavery itself, on the other, that were practiced from the 15th century, in the Americas, the Caribbean, in Indian Ocean and
Europe against African, Amerindian, Malagasy and Indian populations, as constituting crimes against humanity.

Starting from 1853 the Kanaky - New Caledonia becomes a French colony. During the first decades of colonization the interest of the colonizers concerns land grabbing, while in a second moment it becomes the presence of large nickel reserves (III.B. Mineral resources, Page 10) and in recent years outpost against the feared Chinese expansion.

Starting from 1946 the Kanaky - New Caledonia is inserted by the United Nations in the list of non-self-governing territories but it comes out the following year for the French transformation of colonies into overseas departments and territories (DOM-TOM).

The abandonment of the fossil fuels due to  climate changes will lead to The end of of the empire, that's the matter of “Scientists Warn the UN of Capitalism's Imminent Demise” by Nafeez Ahmed.

“...Rather, these crises are part of the same fundamental transition to a new era characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and the escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict, or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age, the paper says.” ...